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HOW DOES ELECTRIC CARS AND BIKES WORK

Technology is advancing. And with such advancing technology people are dreaming of everything big and best. Well all of us dream of luxury cars and bikes. And why not? Everyone loves going on road trips using their cars and bikes. The craze of cars and bikes is increasing as they are private, comfortable means of transport. Also they are faster to reach anywhere. Be it a family trip or a friend’s trip, cars are good to go anywhere. But one of the main problems with them is that they are not eco-friendly. Also they are not harmless and do emit toxic gases.

We are in 2024 where the automobile has been advancing. People are using electric cars and currently in 2024 flying cars are also in the market in Europe. Electric cars and electric bikes are becoming more and more popular nowadays. They work on batteries and they are very helpful for the environment as they are eco friendly and don’t pollute the environment. Also they are stylish and built for easy to use and are renewable. Some of them also use solar chargers which are completely sustainable. But making them is a bit tough. Let’s look at how they work and how they function.

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How Are Electric Cars Made?

An electric vehicle will have three basic components :

  • Energy Storage Unit
  • Controller
  • Propulsion system

These cars are rechargeable and they work by using charge from the battery. The energy storage unit has a specific way to store power. A chemical battery is the most common energy storage technology currently, although it can be different. They generally work by using a charging port to draw the energy. This can be done at home and not needed to go to the petrol station every time. Also if the same problem occurs in the middle of the road there is a charging station for renewing the energy.

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There are basically three types of chargers:-

  • Three-pin plug – a standard three-pin plug that you can connect to a 13 amp socket.
  • Socketed electric car charger Socketed – a charge point where you can connect either a Type 1 or Type 2 cable
  • Tethered electric car charger Tethered – a charge point with a cable attached with either a Type 1 or Type 2 connector.

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They can take charging time up to:-

  • Slow – typically rated up to 3kW. Often used to charge overnight. Charging time: 8-10 hours.
  • Fast – typically rated at either 7Kw or 22kW. Installed in car parks, supermarkets, public centres and houses with off-street parking. Charging time: 3-4 hours.
  • Rapid – typically rated from 43 kW. Only compatible for EVs that have rapid charging speed. Charging time: 30-60 minutes.

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The types of electric cars:-

  • Plug-in electric – This means the car runs  on electricity and gets all its power when it’s charged. This type doesn’t need petrol or diesel to run so it doesn’t produce any emissions like petrol cars.
  • Plug-in hybrid – These cars mainly run on electricity but also have a traditional fuel engine so you can use petrol or diesel too if they run out of charge. When running on fuel, these cars will produce emissions but when they’re running on electricity, they won’t. Plug-in hybrids can be plugged into an electricity source to recharge their battery.
  • Hybrid-electric – These run mainly on fuel like petrol or diesel but also have an electric battery too, which is recharged through charger. These let you switch between using your fuel engine and using ‘EV’ mode at the touch of a button. These cars cannot be plugged into an electricity source and rely on petrol or diesel for energy.

Inner parts of the car:-

  • Electric Engine/Motor – Provides power to rotate the wheels. It can be DC/AC type, however, AC motors are more common.
  • Inverter – Converts the electric current in the form of Direct Current (DC) into Alternating Current (AC)
  • Drivetrain – EVs have a single-speed transmission which sends power from the motor to the wheels.
  • Batteries – Store the electricity required to run an EV. The higher the kW of the battery, the higher the range.
  • Charging – Plug into an outlet or EV charging point to charge your battery.

How does an electric bike work?

Electric bikes are something which everyone loves to ride. It can also be considered as a form of recreation. One can go on a bike ride with friends and family.

It has three basic parts:-

THE MOTOR

There are slightly different types of electric bike motor, and each has its advantages front hub, rear hub and a mid-drive motor. The main aim of the ebike motor is to provide torque. The more advanced motors usually offer more torque, and the more torque you have, the more power you can get out of the bike. Rear motors are best for riders wanting or needing more power with many eBikes capable of nearly 30mph.

THE BATTERY

The eBike battery can be located in various places on the bike depending on frame type and size. Charging times can differ slightly depending on the battery make, model, but the average charging time is generally four to six hours. Charging your battery is easy: just plug it into the wall like your mobile phone. From empty, a typical 500W capacity ebike battery will take about 4.5 hours to charge to full, using a standard charger.

THE SENSOR

The boost you get when riding an electric bike is made possible by the motor, the battery and the sensor. The pedal assistance only starts when the sensor gives a signal that engages the motor into action.

Electric bikes have two types of sensors: a motion sensor or a pedal force (torque) sensor.

A start-up reimagining e-bikes - IITM Research Park

CONCLUSION

That’s all about how the electric and bike works. Hope you like this article and it helped you.

 

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